Ever tasted Rasam prepared in Eeya Chembu " ஈயச் செம்பு ரசம் " ? -

In this mystic land of Thiruvallikkeni (Triplicane) – there is so much.  The International Tin Council (ITC) was an organisation which acted on behalf of major tin producers and consumers to control the International tin market. It is no longer active.  An International Tin Study Group, which was established in 1947 to survey world supply of and demand for tin, led to the treaty, the International Tin Agreement, signed in 1954, and the formation of the ITC in 1956.

எனது சின்ன வயது நாட்களில் தெருக்களில் ரொம்ப கரகர குரலுடன் ஒருவர்  சைக்கிள் தள்ளிக்கொண்டு ' பழைய ஈயசெம்பு  பித்தளை பாத்திரங்களுக்கு பேரிச்சம் பழம்' என கூவுவார்.  கரகாட்டக்காரனில் இதே டயலாக்  - குள்ளமணி, ராமராஜனின் கார் அருகே வந்து கூவ கௌண்டமணி டென்ஷன் ஆக, செந்தில் உதை வாங்குவது சரி காமெடி.  திருவிழா நாட்களில் (திருவல்லிக்கேணியில் தெப்பம்) ஒரு தள்ளு வண்டியில் அம்பாரமாய் பேரிச்சம் பழம் குவிந்து இருக்கும் ~ இன்றைய சூழ்நிலையில், நாம் அழகாக பேக்கிங் செய்து இருந்தால் மட்டுமே வாங்க விழைவோம்....  இதை தவிர, பழைய பாத்திரங்களுக்கு, நெருப்பு மூட்டி, ஒரு புரியாத செயல்பாட்டில் ஈயம் பூசுவோரும் உண்டு.  அடுப்புக்கரி போட்டு, ஒரு உபகரணத்தை அழுத்தி, அழுத்தி, கற்று மூலம் ஜ்வாலை, கொழுந்துவிட்டு எரிய, பாத்திரங்களில் உள்பக்கம் ஈயம் பூசப்படும். 

A google search on ‘Eeyam (ஈயம்) led me to reading the following :  ஈயம் (Lead) ஒரு வேதியியல் உலோகம் ஆகும். இதன் தனிம அட்டவணைக் குறியீடு Pb. இதன் அணுவெண் 82. இது ஒரு மென்மையான உலோகம் அகும். இது தட்டாக்கக்கூடிய பார உலோகமாகும். இது வளியுடன் இலகுவில் தாக்கமடைவதால் இதன் மீது காணப்படும் ஒக்சைட்டுப் படை இதனை அழகற்ற சாம்பல் நிறப்பொருளாகக் காட்டும். எனினும் வெட்டியவுடன் வெள்ளி போல பளபளக்கும். இதுவே மிகவும் அதிக திணிவுடைய கருவுள்ள நிலைப்புத்தன்மையுடைய (கதிர்த்தொழிற்பாற்ற) தனிமமாகும்.

Of the many things that I do not know :  Lead & Tin metal are different. (ஈயம் வேறு காரீயம் வேறு).. .. ..  .. ..   Though the above article shows  Eeyam as Lead, there is world of difference.  Lead is a chemical element with symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials.  Before you read anything further,  contrary to popular belief, pencil leads in wooden pencils have never been made from lead. When the pencil originated as a wrapped graphite writing tool, the particular type of graphite used was named plumbago (literally, act for lead or lead mockup).

Tin, on the other hand,  is a natural element in the earth's crust. It is a soft,  an almost silver-white, ductile, malleable, lustrous solid silvery metal that does not dissolve in water. It is present in brass, bronze, pewter, and some soldering materials. Tin metal is used to line cans for food, beverages, and aerosols. Tin can combine with other chemicals to form compounds. Combinations with chemicals like chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen are called inorganic tin compounds (i. e. , stannous chloride, stannous sulfide, stannic oxide). These are used in toothpaste, perfumes, soaps, food additives and dyes.    Tin is a chemical element with symbol Sn (from Latin: stannum) and atomic number 50. It is a post-transition metal in group 14 of the periodic table. It is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, which contains tin dioxide, SnO2.

Metallic tin is not easily oxidized in air. The first alloy used on a large scale was bronze, made of tin and copper, from very old days, later came the usage of  pure metallic tin.  Pewter, which is an alloy of 85–90% tin with the remainder commonly consisting of copper, antimony, and lead, was used for flatware from the Bronze Age until the 20th century. In modern times, tin is used in many alloys, most notably tin/lead soft solders, which are typically 60% or more tin and in the manufacture of transparent, electrically conducting films of indium tin oxide in optoelectronic applications. Another large application for tin is corrosion-resistant tin plating of steel.  Web info reveals that the patent for canning in sheet tin was secured in 1810 in England, legendary French chef Auguste Escoffier experimented with a solution for provisioning the French army while in the field by adapting the tin lining techniques used for his cookware to more robust steel containers (then only lately introduced for canning) which protected the cans from corrosion and soldiers from lead solder and botulism poisoning.

Tin linings sufficiently robust for cooking are wiped onto copper by hand, producing a .25–45-mm-thick lining.  For a period following the Second World War, pure nickel was electroplated as a lining to copper cookware.  Till a few decades ago, most households would have ‘eeya chembu (vessel made of tin metal’ – especially for making ‘rasam’ and for curdling.  South Indian meals is not complete without ‘Rasam’ – the liquid made of tamarind, coriander seed, pepper, cumin seeds, red chilie, salt, thoor dal water, asafetida, and smashed tomato.   There are fine variants like – ‘tomato rasam’, ‘inji (ginger)  rasam’  ‘pine-apple rasam’ – ‘lime rasam’, ‘milagu rasam’, ‘paruppu rasam’, ‘veppampoo rasam (neem flower), ‘poondu rasam’ – [besides all these there is always the famous rasam of home, which you always appreciate irrespective of its flavor !]

Have you tasted ‘rasam in eeya utensil’ – or have you seen one recently .. here are some photos of ‘tin metal in billet’ and the utensils made of this tin metal.  Triplicane, [more specifically the area around the erstwhile Sri Parthasarathi Swami sabha in Venkat Rangam Street]  housed some industries – engaged in eversilver ware and tin-ware too.  Slowly most of them have winded down.  Nearer my house, still stands a small shop engaged in making tin-utensils used for cooking, supplying to all shops in Chennai – most of which are made to order and according to its owner, they are still fast moving.  The raw-material is mostly imported from Malaysia and is reportedly around Rs.2600/- per kg – the making is hard and requires strenuous labour.

If you get excited reading this and plan to venture into making rasam on a eeya-paathiram,  beware, it is not easy – it  requires care while using the vessel, - the utensil could melt very easily and if left on hot oven, in a few minutes one may end up seeing a blob of silvery-white metal. 

                      In making rasam, the liquid content should not be too low in quantity and gas stove should not be on high – keep it just simmering, and you are sure to experience a great taste in the rasam at home. Happy cooking !!  ~  sadly, like many other things that have vanished, these may not be available for the next generation – the Karagattakkaran comedy of Sentil – Goundamani on ‘ Pazhaya eeya pathirathukku perichampazham’ may not be understood as the relevance may not be understood.

With regards – S. Sampathkumar

18^th Feb 2018.

Eden park massacre ~ Indian men and Women win at South Africa

Long long ago ! ~ the game of Cricket was a match between bowlers and batsmen and bowlers did have an upperhand ??  I have not heard much of ~  D'Arcy John Matthew Short ~ the left handed opener for Hobart Hurricanes who can bowl slow spin too.  He was the man of the match at Auckland. 

The iconic ground's straight boundaries are among the shortest in world cricket, making it sorely tempting for batsmen to attempt belting a six over the bowler's head.  In 1902, Harry Ryan, a young, passionate cricketer, stood on Kingsland Road which strewn with stones, rocky outcrops and cowpats with a low-lying swamp at the bottom.  He saw a cricket ground. This was to become Eden Park.  In 1910 the Park became the home of Auckland Cricket.  Eden Park is New Zealand's largest stadium, located in central Auckland. 

Remember those good olden days when India won a Test in New Zealand in Auckland ~  Test no. 769 in Jan 1976.  Remember reading about the Test in ‘The Hindu’ and partially hearing commentary in the mornings of January 1976 –Kiwis were led by Glenn Turner, a legend those times.  Playing first they were all out for 266 with Chandrasekhar taking 6/94. Sunil Gavaskar led India in the absence of an injured Bishan Bedi.  Gavaskar made a patient 116 and was over taken by Surinder Amarnath who made a fine 124 with 16 fours and 1 six.   It was a time when it was  8 balls per over.   Alongside Surinder – Kirmani and Dilip Vengsarkar were to make their debuts and went on to play much longer than Surinder did.  

First, the happy news ~ India won the ODI series rather easily (5 – 1) – I had never imagined such a result.  The summary reads India 206 for 2 (Kohli 129*, Rahane 34*) beat South Africa 204 (Zondo 54, Thakur 4-52) by eight wickets.  Confidence and form are two of the most influential factors in batting. They often dictate timing and placement - requisites for scoring runs. South Africa have lacked both after their sub-par performances this series.  In  good batting conditions in Centurion, South Africa's batsmen grappled with their own lack of confidence and India's disciplined bowling, resulting in another mediocre total. Shardul Thakur, playing his first match of the series, led another clinical display from India with figures of 4 for 52 as South Africa were bowled out for 204.   On the other end of that form spectrum lies Virat Kohli. With 429 runs in five games prior to the final ODI, Kohli was oozing confidence. Against a jaded bowling attack, and with all that belief, his 35^th  ODI hundred was almost a formality. It helped India coast to an eight-wicket win, and take the six-match series 5-1. Kohli finished with 558 runs in six matches, the most by a batsman in a bilateral series.

Away in Eden Park, in Newzealand it was a massacre – in 38.5 overs,  New Zealand and Australia pillaged a phenomenal 488 runs, with Australia  setting a new record by pulling off the highest successful T20 chase.  488 The run aggregate in this match - the second-highest ever in T20Is. The overall record, which this match missed by one run, was set in the India-West Indies clash in Lauderhill in 2016. 32 Number of sixes in the match - the joint-highest in a T20I, equaling the 32 struck by West Indies and India in Lauderhill in 2016. New Zealand's 18 sixes were also their highest in an innings.

The scorecard would never reveal the deathknell of the bowlers .. Australia 245 for 5 (Short 76, Warner 59) beat New Zealand 243 for 6 (Guptill 105, Munro 76) by five wickets.   Martin Guptill's 49-ball hundred - and a host of other records were rendered useless by  D'Arcy Short and David Warner hammering aggressive fifties to set the tone of the reply and Australia's middle order kept the pedal to the metal at a stage where New Zealand had stuttered to seal victory with more than an over to spare. The stands were peppered for 32 sixes -  the sufferers were the bowlers.   AJ Tye conceded 64 from his four overs, soothed a modicum by two wickets, but he could probably spare some sympathy for New Zealand's Wheeler, who was left with 0 for 64 from just 3.1. Perversely, the most economical bowler on either side - Ashton Agar - did not deliver his full quota.

I cannot comprehend how Short was given the man of the match.  Martin Guptill made 105 off just 54 balls with 9 sixers; while Short made 76 off 44 with 3 sixers – Aussie won and Short was the man !!  ~ it is stated that a strong 33692 spectators watched the match at venue.  There were some catches – made as also put down -  Mitchell Grimstone, a 20-year-old student, earned himself NZD50,000 courtesy of a local drinks sponsor when he leaned over the railing at deep midwicket to pluck Ross Taylor's penultimate-ball six out of the air with his left hand. His reaction was priceless (or, well, worth 50K) as he was mobbed by those next to him in the stands. "I'm not left-handed," he said. "But somehow I put it there and it stuck, and then everyone was jumping over me."

At South Africa Indian women too are making merry ~ after the great show in ODIs – they beat SA again in T20.  India women 144 for 1 (Raj 76*, Mandhana 57, Daniels 1-21) beat South Africa women 142 for 7 (Luus 33, de Klerk 26, Poonam 2-18, Anuja 2-37) by nine wickets.  A century opening stand, underpinned by fifties from Mithali Raj and Smriti Mandhana, handed South Africa a nine-wicket drubbing in East London and helped India go 2-0 up in the five-match T20I series with five balls to spare. Steering the 143 chase, Raj became the first woman to score four consecutive T20I half-centuries. 

Smaller grounds, like in Auckland, Napier and Christchurch at present, mean bigger totals as teams struggle to defend the boundaries.  In grounds like Eden Park, bowlers would only run in trepidation as even a mishit could soar beyond the boundary !  ~  the boundary at one part of the oval measured only 51 metres.

With regards – S. Sampathkumar

17^th Feb 2018.

brave soldiers risk lives to carry injured to safety & treated ~ not humans but ants ! story..

Ants are social insects of the family Formicidae;  along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. More than 12,500 out of an estimated total of 22,000 species have been classified. Ants form colonies that range in size from a few dozen predatory individuals living in small natural cavities to highly organised colonies which may occupy large territories and consist of millions of individuals.   Fire ants are a variety of stinging ants with over 285 species worldwide. They have several common names, including ginger ants, tropical fire ants and red ants.

Set in the modern times, an elderly veteran visits the Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial with his family. Upon seeing one particular grave, he falls to his knees overcome with emotion. The scene then shifts to the morning of June 6, 1944, as American soldiers land on Omaha Beach as part of the Normandy Invasion. They suffer heavy losses in assaulting German positions defended by artillery and machine guns. Captain John H. Miller of the 2nd Ranger Battalion assembles a group to penetrate the German defenses, leading to a breakout from the beach. Elsewhere on the beach, a dead soldier is face down in the bloody surf; his pack is stenciled Ryan, S.

In Washington, D.C., at the U.S. War Department, General George Marshall learns that three of the four brothers of the Ryan family were killed in action and that the fourth son, James, has been parachuted somewhere in Normandy. After reading Abraham Lincoln's Bixby letter aloud for his staff, he orders that James Ryan be found and returned home immediately. Three days after D-Day, Miller receives orders to find Ryan and bring him back from the front. He assembles six men from his company— they  move out to Neuville, where they meet a squad from the 101st Airborne Division,  in pursuit,  they eventually encounter a friend of James Ryan, who tells them that he is defending an important bridge in the town of Ramelle.

Saving Private Ryan is a 1998 American epic war drama film directed by Steven Spielberg. M Set during the Invasion of Normandy in World War II, the film is notable for its graphic portrayal of war, and for the intensity of its opening 27 minutes, which includes a depiction of the Omaha Beach assault during the Normandy landings.  The film received widespread critical acclaim, winning several awards for film, cast, and crew, as well as earning significant returns at the box office.

It's a scene familiar from countless war films — the brave soldiers risking their lives to carry an injured comrade to safety, the noble casualty insisting they go on and leave him to die.    But it’s not  human warriors who act so selflessly.  A study has shown that ants do exactly the same in battle.  Live Science has this interesting article that a species of warmongering sub-Saharan ant not only rescues its battle-wounded soldiers but also treats their injuries.

This strikingly unusual behavior raises the survival rate for injured ants from a mere 20 percent to 90 percent, according to new research published Feb. 13 in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.  These same ants, a species called Megaponera analis, were observed last year bringing their injured back to the nest, but no one knew what happened to the wounded ants after that, said study leader Erik Frank, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. Now, it's clear that the ants get extra TLC after being saved from the battlefield.

M. analis is a nondescript-looking species that lives in colonies of several hundred to over a thousand ants. They're skilled raiders, sending out columns of several hundred ants to attack termite nests and drag termite corpses back to their own nests for a feast. These raids, however, often come with a cost: ants with lost or crushed limbs, or even ants limping home with tenacious termites clinging to their bodies.  To find out the real happening, the  researchers  staged raids between the ants and captive termites, observing how the ants responded to heavily injured ants with five limbs crushed or amputated versus lightly injured ants with only two lost or damaged limbs.  They found that in the vast majority of cases, severely injured ants were left to die on the battlefield. This version of ant triage wasn't at the behest of the rescuers, Frank said; instead, ants with five missing limbs flailed, rotated and generally refused to cooperate with their rescuers. Ants with two lost limbs, on the other hand, curled up into easy-to-carry balls and let themselves be taken home.

"If you're able to stand up, you're very likely not too injured and you are still useful to the colony, so you should be able to call for help and be rescued," Frank said. Once back at the nest, healthy ants would attend to the wounded, licking their injuries for sometimes up to minutes at a time. Ants that were prevented from getting this treatment had an 80-percent chance of dying within 24 hours, the researchers found, whereas ants that were cared for had only a 10-percent chance of death. To find out what was killing the injured, untreated ants, the researchers relocated some to a sterile environment and found that only 20 percent died, indicating that infections are probably the biggest risk for injured ants.

Any uninjured ant seems capable of providing the licking treatment — there's no indication of dedicated ant "medics," Frank said — but it's not yet clear whether the treatment prevents infections or actively treats them. Either way, the behavior is exciting to see because it's extremely rare to observe any individual animal treating another's wounds in any species, Frank said. It's especially counterintuitive in ants, because the tendency is to think that ant individuals are easily replaced cogs in the machinery of the colony, he said. But in M. analis, colonies aren't that large, and only a dozen or so baby ants are born each day, Frank said.

Interesting !!

With regards – S. Sampathkumar

14.2.2018.

Risk ~ insurance - and the ones photographers take !!!

Photographer’s enthusiasm knows no bounds when they are trying to take pictures – and I was more than a bit worried in the two photos that I am posting here.

Risk is the potential of gaining or losing something of value. Values (such as physical health, social status, emotional well-being, or financial wealth) can be gained or lost when taking risk resulting from a given action or inaction, foreseen or unforeseen (planned or not planned). Risk can also be defined as the intentional interaction with uncertainty.   Every  human endeavour carries some risk, but some are much riskier than others.  There are many risk classifications such as :  Pure, Speculative, Particular, Fundamental, Static, Dynamic, Financial and more .. ‘not all risks are insurable’ – though the fundamental of insurance is risk coverage !

The Winter Olympics is on – and its concluding smoothly without a hitch will provide the Organisers a toast of success and Insurers would be celebrating with profit.   The Games are being staged about two hours' drive from one of the world's most heavily militarised borders, in a host country that is technically at war with its neighbor (yet participating as one Unit !!)  and with teams that include two nations -- the United States and North Korea -- which have swapped nuclear threats. There are also concerns among Olympic organisers and sponsors that the Games, at the ski resort of Pyeongchang, could become a target of cyber hacking, a threat that could disrupt competition in the event of a major cyber attack.

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has reportedly taken insurance  protection for around $800 million at each Games, which covers the vast majority of the roughly $1 billion investment it makes in each of the host cities.  The coverage includes  pay out for a range of mishaps, ranging up to declarations of war, actual war, or acts of war.   The IOC declined to reveal the premium it has paid for the Pyeongchang, but insurers said it was likely to be around 2-3 percent of the total cover.   At the IOC's coverage of about $800 million, this would represent a cost of around $16-24 million. One underwriter said this would be relatively high and could reflect the greater security risks surrounding the Pyeongchang event. At the summer Games at Rio de Janeiro in 2016, when worries were centred on an outbreak of Zika virus, and at London in 2012, the IOC paid premiums of about $13 million.

Getting back, there are moments whence photographers break conventional methods, trying for great angles and rare photos.  First is to get out of their comfortable zone ! trying out something new, warding off stagnation.  Though having a good mentor helps in having your basics right, there is no stopping when it comes to innovation

in the first friend Rajagopal Madhavan standing on a truck covering purappadu at Thiruneermalai  (Pic Keshav Rajagopalan)

~ the one above was taken from mid sea in a catamaran during masimagam by Thirumalai Vinjamoor Venkatesh.

Elsewhere in UK, MailOnline reports of the  moment a driver risked his life and stood in the middle of a busy motorway so he could take some photos.  It appears that the man had just been involved in a collision and had decided to risk traffic for some photographic evidence.  The footage, filmed on the A45 near Northampton, shows the brazen man standing in the middle of three lanes of traffic and almost getting hit by two cars before having to jog away. In what could be termed as negligence, the man in the video looks to be in danger of being hit from two sides as he plants himself in the centre of the road to snap the photo.  Video of the incident also shows that one of the motorists involved in the collision stopped in the fast lane of the 70mph dual carriageway in Northampton without his hazard lights on. It describes the scene as  the shocking moment a man was almost hit by two cars as he stood in the middle of a busy road in order to take a photo - the one who uploaded captioned the clip: 'It's not a good idea to stand in a live lane to take a photo.'

The footage begins with Karl's vehicle in the middle lane as he approaches a busy roundabout. As he gets closer to the roundabout, two black vehicles in front of him have slowed down - and a man wearing a black jacket can be seen standing in the middle of the road taking a picture.  This forces the first car to swerve to the right to avoid the man while the second vehicle has to weave around him too.  The footage, captured on a dashcam, shows the man standing brazenly in the middle of three lanes of traffic on a busy motorway.  The man finally gets himself off the road realizing the danger , and approaches another man wearing a white shirt and tie, who appears to be the other motorist involved in the collision.

With regards – S. Sampathkumar

14^th Feb 2018.

Tailpiece :  Risk is a 2017 American documentary film written and directed by Laura Poitras about the WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange.  The film's original premise was to address the life of Julian Assange, documenting scenes showing "motives and contradictions of Assange and his inner circle, focusing on the risks taken by persons involved in the well-known Wikileaks website, the most notable risk being taken by Assange himself. The film then presents documentation of Assange's asylum claim, and the disguising of himself to sneak into the Embassy of Ecuador in London for refuge.  Originally titled "Asylum", the film becomes a journey into the perception of Poitras, who, in the re-cut of the film, altered the film's focus on the experience of risk-taking left-leaning media work, towards a critique of Assange as a flawed character under attack, including for his alleged mistreatment of women.